Rotenberg founder set to face charges, Expected to quit over 2007 shock case

Boston Globe

Patricia Wen and Brian McGrory 25, 2011

The founder of the controversial Judge Rotenberg Educational Center is scheduled to face criminal charges in Dedham today arising from a night in 2007 when two special needs teenagers at the center were wrongfully administered dozens of electrical shocks, according to the father of one of the victims and another person with knowledge about the case.

In a deal reached with the state attorney general’s office, Matthew Israel, 77, is expected to be spared prison time in return for stepping down from the Canton-based center that he founded 40 years ago and accepting a five-year probationary term, said Charles Dumas, the father of one of the two victims in the 2007 case who said he spoke yesterday with prosecutors. As part of the agreement, the school’s day-to-day activities will also be overseen by a court-approved monitor.

A court official who works at the Norfolk County Superior Court said that today’s schedule of cases lists a defendant named Matthew Israel facing two charges, misleading a grand jury and accessory after the fact to a crime.

The charges against Israel are believed to be related to the destruction of some of the center’s digital surveillance tapes that would have showed what occurred the night of Aug. 26, 2007, in one of the center’s residential group homes in Stoughton. That night, staffers received a prank phone call from someone posing as a supervisor, saying two teenagers, including Dumas’s son, should be administered electrical shocks as punishment for bad behavior earlier that day.

The attorney general’s office declined comment on the case yesterday, as did Ernest Corrigan, a longtime spokesman for Israel and the center. On May 2, Corrigan had issued a press release announcing Israel’s retirement, effective June 1. In the release, which made no mention of a pending criminal case, Israel is quoted as saying, “I am now almost 78 years old, and it is time for me to move over and let others take the reins.’’

The case marks a dramatic turn in the career of the Harvard-trained psychologist, though it does not appear to end the center’s unorthodox practices that have generated national controversy: the use of skin-shock treatments to discipline behaviorally troubled children.

His tactics have been condemned as barbaric and savage by many top medical and mental health professionals. But despite some injuries and even deaths at the facility, the center has continued to get state approval to operate as a special-needs school serving some 200 students with serious emotional and behavioral problems, including autism and intellectual disabilities.

Study Questions Effectiveness of Therapy for Suicidal Teenagers

NEW YORK TIMES
By BENEDICT CAREY
January 8, 2013

Most adolescents who plan or attempt suicide have already received at least some mental health treatment, raising questions about the effectiveness of current approaches to helping troubled youths, according to the largest in-depth analysis to date of suicidal behaviors in American teenagers.

[Matt Nock, a professor of psychology at Harvard and the lead author of a study on the mental health treatment of troubled young people, said his research showed that “we’ve got a long way to go to do this right.” The study found that 55 percent of adolescents who plan or attempt suicide have already received some therapy.]

The study, in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, found that 55 percent of suicidal teenagers had received some therapy before they thought about suicide, planned it or tried to kill themselves, contradicting the widely held belief that suicide is due in part to a lack of access to treatment.

The findings, based on interviews with a nationwide sample of more than 6,000 teenagers and at least one parent of each, linked suicidal behavior to complex combinations of mood disorders like depression and behavior problems like attention-deficit and eating disorders, as well as alcohol and drug abuse.

The study found that about one in eight teenagers had persistent suicidal thoughts at some point, and that about a third of those who had suicidal thoughts had made an attempt, usually within a year of having the idea.

Previous studies have had similar findings, based on smaller, regional samples. But the new study is the first to suggest, in a large nationwide sample, that access to treatment does not make a big difference.

The study suggests that effective treatment for severely suicidal teenagers must address not just mood disorders, but also behavior problems that can lead to impulsive acts, experts said. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1,386 people between the ages of 13 and 18 committed suicide in 2010, the latest year for which numbers are available.

“I think one of the take-aways here is that treatment for depression may be necessary but not sufficient to prevent kids from attempting suicide,” said Dr. David Brent, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, who was not involved in the study. “We simply do not have empirically validated treatments for recurrent suicidal behavior.”

The report said nothing about whether the therapies given were state of the art or carefully done, said Matt Nock, a professor of psychology at Harvard and the lead author, and it is possible that some of the treatments prevented suicide attempts. “But it’s telling us we’ve got a long way to go to do this right,” Dr. Nock said. His co-authors included Ronald C. Kessler of Harvard and researchers from Boston University and Children’s Hospital Boston.

Margaret McConnell, a consultant in Alexandria, Va., said her daughter Alice, who killed herself in 2006 at the age of 17, was getting treatment at the time. “I think there might have been some carelessness in the way the treatment was done,” Ms. McConnell said, “and I was trusting a 17-year-old to manage her own medication. We found out after we lost her that she wasn’t taking it regularly.”

In the study, researchers surveyed 6,483 adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18 and found that 9 percent of male teenagers and 15 percent of female teenagers experienced some stretch of having persistent suicidal thoughts. Among girls, 5 percent made suicide plans and 6 percent made at least one attempt (some were unplanned).

Among boys, 3 percent made plans and 2 percent carried out attempts, which tended to be more lethal than girls’ attempts.

(Suicidal thinking or behavior was virtually unheard-of before age 10.)

Over all, about one-third of teenagers with persistent suicidal thoughts went on to make an attempt to take their own lives.

Almost all of the suicidal adolescents in the study qualified for some psychiatric diagnosis, whether depression, phobias or generalized anxiety disorder. Those with an added behavior problem — attention-deficit disorder, substance abuse, explosive anger — were more likely to act on thoughts of self-harm, the study found.

Doctors have tested a range of therapies to prevent or reduce recurrent suicidal behaviors, with mixed success. Medications can ease depression, but in some cases they can increase suicidal thinking. Talk therapy can contain some behavior problems, but not all.

One approach, called dialectical behavior therapy, has proved effective in reducing hospitalizations and suicide attempts in, among others, people with borderline personality disorder, who are highly prone to self-harm.

But suicidal teenagers who have a mixture of mood and behavior issues are difficult to reach. In one 2011 study, researchers at George Mason University reduced suicide attempts, hospitalizations, drinking and drug use among suicidal adolescent substance abusers. The study found that a combination of intensive treatments — talk therapy for mood problems, family-based therapy for behavior issues and patient-led reduction in drug use — was more effective than regular therapies.

“But that’s just one study, and it’s small,” said Dr. Brent of the University of Pittsburgh. “We can treat components of the overall problem, but that’s about all.”

Ms. McConnell said that her daughter’s depression had seemed mild and that there was no warning that she would take her life. “I think therapy does help a lot of people, if it’s handled right,” she said.
A version of this article appeared in print on January 9, 2013, on page A11 of the New York edition with the headline: Study Questions Effectiveness of Therapy for Suicidal Teenagers

Confusing Medical Ailments with Mental Illness

WALL STREET JOURNAL online
August 9, 2011

An elderly woman's sudden depression turns out to be a side effect of her high blood-pressure medication.
A new mother's exhaustion and disinterest in her baby seem like postpartum depression—but actually signal a postpartum thyroid imbalance that medication can correct.
A middle-aged manager has angry outbursts at work and frequently feels "ready to explode." A brain scan reveals temporal-lobe seizures, a type of epilepsy that can be treated with surgery or medication.
More than 100 medical disorders can masquerade as psychological conditions, according to Harvard psychiatrist Barbara Schildkrout, who cited these examples among others in "Unmasking Psychological Symptoms," a book aimed at helping therapists broaden their diagnostic skills.

Different Diagnoses

More than 100 medical disorders can masquerade as psychological conditions or contribute to them, complicating treatment decisions.

WHAT SEEMS LIKE ...	MAY ACTUALLY BE ...
Depression	Underactive thyroid; low vitamin D or B-12 or folate; diabetes; hormonal changes; heart disease; Lyme disease; lupus; head trauma, sleep disorders; some cancers and cancer drugs
Anxiety	Overactive thyroid; respiratory problems; very low blood pressure; concussion; anaphylactic shock
Irritability	Brain injury; temporal lobe epilepsy;  disease and early stage dementia; parasitic infection; hormonal changes
Hallucinations	Epilepsy; brain tumor; fever; narcolepsy; substance abuse
Cognitive changes	Brain injury or infection; Alzheimer's; Parkinson's; liver failure; mercury or lead poisoning
Psychosis	Venereal disease; brain tumors and cysts; stroke; epilepsy; steroids; substance abuse

Source: WSJ reporting

Studies have suggested that medical conditions may cause mental-health issues in as many as 25% of psychiatric patients and contribute to them in more than 75%.
Untangling cause and effect can challenge even seasoned clinicians, and the potential for missed diagnoses is growing these days, said Dr. Schildkrout, who has more than 25 years of clinical practice in the Boston area. Most mental-health counselors rely on primary-care doctors to spot medical issues, but those physicians are increasingly time-pressed and may not know their patients well. Neither do the psychiatrists who mainly write prescriptions and see patients only briefly, she said in an interview.
Common culprits include under- or over-active thyroid glands, which can cause depression and anxiety, respectively. Deficiencies of vitamins D, B-12 and folate, as well as hormonal changes and sleep disorders have also been linked to depression.
Diabetes, lupus and Lyme disease can have a variety of psychiatric symptoms, as can mercury and lead poisoning and sexually transmitted diseases. Many medications also list mood changes among their side effects, and substance abuse is notorious for causing psychiatric problems.
Some underlying conditions are readily treatable. Others, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and some brain tumors, are not. But a correct diagnosis can save months or years of frustration and ineffective treatment.
In some cases, a psychological problem is just the first sign of a serious medical issue. "Depression predicts heart disease and heart disease predicts depression," said Gary Kennedy, director of the geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, N.Y.
About one-third of people who have their first episode of depression after age 55 have changes in brain circuits that are associated with hypertension, diabetes and heart attacks. Such patients are usually apathetic, have difficulty with executive planning and don't respond well to antidepressants. Making sure their blood pressure and blood-sugar levels are on target is crucial, though medical and psychotherapy may be needed as well, Dr. Kennedy said.
Recognizing an underlying medical condition can be particularly difficult when there is also a psychological explanation for a patient's dark moods. For example, victims of domestic violence are often anxious, depressed and withdrawn—but mild brain injury could be causing such symptoms, too.

Warning Signs

When to suspect a mental problem may be medical:
• Sudden change in mood or personality
• History of head trauma
• Depression that occurs for the first time after age 55
• Recent travel or exposure to infections
• Any rash, swelling, drooping eyelid; facial tic
• Standard medication or therapy isn't effective

Similarly, a former college athlete who becomes angry and irritable in his 40s could be suffering a midlife crisis—or delayed reaction to head injuries sustained decades earlier. "We now know that multiple concussions can have a sleeper effect for years. Then one day, out of the blue, you start acting explosive and depressed," due to a brain swelling known as chronic trauma encephalopathy, said Jerrold Pollak, a neuropsychologist at Seacoast Mental Health Center in Portsmouth, N.H., and lead author of an article on distinguishing mental from medical disorders in the Journal of Clinical Psychology Practice this spring.
If the head-injury diagnosis is missed, Dr. Pollak added, the patient could be in psychotherapy for months, "thinking that he has trouble with his father or feels like a failure for not becoming a pro athlete."
Giving every patient who seeks psychological help a brain scan first would be prohibitively expensive and likely yield many confusing results. But experts say mental-health counselors should ask patients about their medical histories as well as emotional issues, and make sure they've had a recent physical exam.
Tell-tale signs of underlying medical problems include significant changes in energy, weight, appetite or sleep, which could be due to an endocrine disorder. Sudden changes in mood or personality, visual hallucinations and alternations in smell, taste or tactile senses could signal a brain tumor or other abnormality.
Sometimes a single physical sign can broaden a clinician's diagnostic thinking. Manhattan psychiatrist Drew Ramsey recalled that early in his career, he examined a patient with daily panic attacks and noticed a swelling on her shins, a classic sign of Graves' disease, a form of overactive thyroid that can cause severe anxiety.
Like other psychiatrists, Dr. Ramsey said he always takes a medical history and orders blood tests for patients. He found that one was anemic and improved markedly when meat was added to her diet. Another who was depressed and drinking heavily was low on vitamins D and B-12.
Similarly, Dr. Schildkrout once treated a 50-year-old woman for mood swings and noticed a slight slurring to her speech. While it could have been dismissed as ill-fitting dentures, it turned out to be the first sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which also causes severe fatigue and odd jags of laughing and crying in its early stages.
Some patients may benefit from both psychological counseling and medical help. Therapists need not turn patients away while medical issues are being explored, experts say. "Clinicians can say, 'While we work on these issues, let's also discuss any possible medical conditions that could be contributing, so we can at least rule them out,"' Dr. Pollak said.
Finally clarifying a diagnosis can be a relief to clinicians and patients—particularly when therapy hasn't been working or patients have spent years blaming themselves. "When you find the right diagnosis, not only is there appropriate treatment, but it can make a dramatic improvement in terms of healing their self esteem," Dr. Schildkrout said.
—Email HealthJournal@wsj.com

Copyright ©2011 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Mass. General disciplines three psychiatrists

Boston Business Journal
by Eric Convey
July 1, 2011

Massachusetts General Hospital on Friday disclosed sanctions against three psychiatrists for violating hospital ethics guidelines by failing to adequately report, internally, seven-figure payments they received from drug companies.

In a statement to colleagues provided by the hospital upon request from the Business Journal, Drs. Joseph Biederman, Thomas Spencer and Timothy Wilens said the disciplinary actions include:

• They must refrain from "all industry-sponsored outside activities" for one year.

• For two years after the ban ends, they must obtain permission from Mass. General and Harvard Medical School before engaging in any industry-sponsored, paid outside activities and then must report back afterward.

• They must undergo certain training.

• They face delays before being considered for "promotion or advancement."

The three doctors came under the political microscope in June 2008 during remarks Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, made to a committee investigating conflicts of interest involving clinicians.

The three Harvard doctors "are some of the top psychiatrists in the country, and their research is some of the most important in the field," Grassley said, according to an online version of the Congressional record. "They have also taken millions of dollars from the drug companies." The senator complained that Biederman and Wilens took money from drug giant Eli Lilly (NYSE: LLY) at the same time they were being paid by the National Institutes of Health to study an Eli Lilly drug.

Grassley went on to say he had requested conflict-of-interest forms from the hospitals, and they "were a mess."

"My staff had a hard time figuring out which companies the doctors were consulting for and how much money they were making," he said.

When the hospitals asked the doctors to clarify the matter, Grassley continued, "things got interesting."

"Dr. Biederman suddenly admitted to over $1.6 million dollars from the drug companies," Grassley said. "And Dr. Spencer also admitted to over $1 million. Meanwhile, Dr. Wilens also reported over $1.6 million in payments from the drug companies."

"We have learned a great deal from (the in-house investigation)," the doctors wrote in their joint statement released Friday. "And we profoundly hope that our mistakes will benefit our colleagues by bringing clarity and attention to these important issues."

They wrote earlier in the letter: "We always believed that we were complying in good faith with the institutional policies and that our mistakes were honest ones."

In its own statement, the hospital wrote: "A committee at Massachusetts General Hospital that has been looking into conflict-of-interest questions involving three MGH child psychiatrists has completed its review. Appropriate remedial actions have been taken by the hospital to address specific issues."

Dr. Angell on the Mental Illness Epidemic

CommonHealth Reform and Reality
WBUR.org
June 9, 2011
Carey Goldberg

I can’t wait for the next issue of The New York Review of Books. It’s slated to carry the second half of a review written by Dr. Marcia Angell of Harvard Medical School, and I’m eager to see how it’s going to come out.

Marcia is the former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, and from her lofty position at the pinnacle of the medical establishment, she speaks out about the shortcomings of the American health care system and the dangers of financial conflicts of interest in medicine. A 2009 piece of hers in the New York Review of Books, titled “Drug Companies and Doctors: A Story of Corruption,” brought vehement objections in print from Stanford and the American Psychiatric Association, which, in my opinion, she soundly trounced in her response.

Her current review looks at three books, two of which have already been mentioned on CommonHealth: Robert Whitaker’s Anatomy of an Epidemic and Dr. Daniel Carlat’s “Unhinged.” I haven’t read the third yet: Irving Kirsch’s “The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding The Antidepressant Myth,” but it sounds like it suggests that antidepressants are largely ineffective, and any positive results they may produce likely stem mainly from the placebo effect.

It’s worth reading the whole review, but here’s a small excerpt:

The authors emphasize different aspects of the epidemic of mental illness. Kirsch is concerned with whether antidepressants work. Whitaker, who has written an angrier book, takes on the entire spectrum of mental illness and asks whether psychoactive drugs create worse problems than they solve. Carlat, who writes more in sorrow than in anger, looks mainly at how his profession has allied itself with, and is manipulated by, the pharmaceutical industry. But despite their differences, all three are in remarkable agreement on some important matters, and they have documented their views well.

First, they agree on the disturbing extent to which the companies that sell psychoactive drugs—through various forms of marketing, both legal and illegal, and what many people would describe as bribery—have come to determine what constitutes a mental illness and how the disorders should be diagnosed and treated. This is a subject to which I’ll return.

Second, none of the three authors subscribes to the popular theory that mental illness is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.

Matthew Israel, Founder of the School of Shock to Face Criminal Charges

Care2.com
posted by: Kristina Chew
May 26, 2011
Video included

When I first heard about the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center (JREC) in Canton, Massachusetts, I couldn't believe that such a school existed. The JREC is a school for that uses electric shocks to discipline students with disabilities including autism, mental retardation or emotional-behavioral issues. The school was founded by a Harvard-trained psychologist, Matthew Israel and has long attracted controversy among disability rights activists, parents and experts in the field of mental health.

Today, the Boston Globe reports that Israel faces criminal charges over an incident in 2007, when two teenagers with disabilities who were residents at the JREC were wrongfully administered a number of shocks after a prank phone call by someone posing as a supervisor ordered them.

If the use of electric skin shock on children with disabilities is not troubling and barbaric enough, the suit against Israel also suggests how woefully poor the JREC's administrative practices are and also brings into question the training and supervision of its staff at all levels. From the Boston Globe:

A court official who works at the Norfolk County Superior Court said that today's schedule of cases lists a defendant named Matthew Israel facing two charges, misleading a grand jury and accessory after the fact to a crime.

The charges against Israel are believed to be related to the destruction of some of the center's digital surveillance tapes that would have showed what occurred the night of Aug. 26, 2007, in one of the center's residential group homes in Stoughton. That night, staffers received a prank phone call from someone posing as a supervisor, saying two teenagers, including Dumas's son, should be administered electrical shocks as punishment for bad behavior earlier that day.

As part of a deal with the Massachusetts state attorney office, Israel is to step down as director of the JREC that he founded 40 years ago and will be on probation for five years. The JREC's daily activities are to be overseen by a court-appointed monitor, as part of the agreement.

As the mother of a teenage autistic son, my beloved boy Charlie -- a child who has had some very severe behavior issues including self-injurious behavior -- I could never even imagine sending him to a place like the JREC where methods that amount to torture are used. As I wrote on a blog formerly known as Autism Vox, an ABC News story reported that families have been "willing to try aversive stimulation to save their son from self-destruction" and have described the JRC as the only school that would take their children due to the severity of their behavioral issues.

Indeed, despite widespread criticism about the methods used by the JREC, the state of Massachusetts has still given its approval for the center to keep functioning. But some states -- including New Jersey, where we live -- who had placed individuals with disabilities at the JRC have now stated that they will no longer send students there, due to the JRC's aversive practices.

The JREC has launched a national search for a replacement for Israel, the Boston Globe notes. While I respect the needs of families who feel the JREC is the right placement for their children, I don't think I'm the only one, and certainly not the only disability advocate, who thinks that the JREC should simply be closed. Here in the US in the 21st century, it is an embarrassment that a place that uses such aversive treatments including electric shock (delivered in a specially designed backpack) on individuals with disabilities is still allowed to operate.

The CIA Mind Control Doctors: From Harvard to Guantanamo

The CIA Mind Control Doctors: From Harvard to Guantanamo
by Colin A. Ross
Psychiatrist, Author,
The CIA Doctors, Military Mind Control
and Project Bluebird

(click above for a 3-minute video by Dr. Colin Ross regarding psychiatry/CIA mind control)

My book, The CIA Doctors,[i] is based on 15,000 pages of documents I received from the CIA through the Freedom of Information Act and dozens of papers published in medical journals. These papers report the results of research funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Department of the Army, the Office of Naval Research and the CIA. From 1950 to 1972, the CIA funded TOP SECRET research at many leading universities including Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Johns Hopkins and Stanford. There was a series of CIA mind control programs including BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, MKULTRA, MKSEARCH and MKNAOMI.

MKULTRA and related programs had several over-lapping purposes. One was to purchase mind control drugs from suppliers. Another was to form relationships with researchers who might later be used as consultants at the TOP SECRET level. The core purpose of these programs was to learn how to enhance interrogations, erase and insert memories, and create and run Manchurian Candidates. All of this is described clearly and explicitly in the declassified CIA documents, which provide a glimpse into the tip of the iceberg of CIA and military mind control.

The CIA mind control experiments were interwoven with radiation, chemical and biological weapons experiments conducted on children, comatose patients, pregnant women, the general population and other unwitting groups who had no idea they were subjects in secret experiments. Radiation, bacteria and funguses were released over urban areas. A large cloud of radiation was released over Spokane during OPERATION GREEN RUN; plutonium was injected into a comatose patient in Boston by Dr. William Sweet, a member of the Harvard brain electrode team; plutonium was placed in the cereal of mentally handicapped children at the Fernald School in New England; 751 pregnant women were injected with plutonium at Vanderbilt University; the bacteria serratia maracens was released into the air in San Francisco, resulting in a series of infections and plutonium was injected into an amputee at the University of Rochester. All these experiments were conducted without any informed consent or meaningful follow-up. Hallucinogens, marijuana, amphetamines and other drugs were administered to imprisoned narcotic addicts in Lexington, Kentucky, terminal cancer patients at Georgetown University Hospital, hospitalized sex offenders at Ionia State Hospital in Michigan and johns picked by prostitutes hired by the CIA in San Francisco and New York.

Most of these experiments were conducted by psychiatrists with TOP SECRET clearance. These included Louis Jolyon West, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oklahoma and later at UCLA; Dr. Robert Hyde in Boston; Dr. Carl Rogers at the University of Wisconsin; Dr. Martin Orne at Harvard; Dr. Charles Osgood at the University of Illinois; Dr. James Hamilton at Stanford; Dr. Charles Geschichter at the University of Richmond and Dr. Harold Abramson and Dr. Harold Wolff at Cornell. Other TOP SECRET-cleared MKULTRA contractors included Dr. Maitland Baldwin, a neurosurgeon at the National Institutes of Health and Dr. Carl Pfeiffer, a pharmacologist at Emory.

The CIA doctors violated all medical codes of ethics dating back to Hippocrates, including the Nuremberg Code. The experimental subjects were not told the real purpose of the experiments, did not give informed consent, were not afforded outside counsel and received no meaningful follow-up. As described by the psychiatrists in published papers, experiments with LSD and other hallucinogens, combined with sensory deprivation, electroshock and other interrogation techniques, resulted in psychosis and death among other “side effects.” The purpose of these experiments was to see how easily a person could be put into a psychotic state or controlled.

In a series of MKULTRA projects, the CIA paid a former Bureau of Narcotics officer, George White, to set up safe houses in San Francisco and New York that were decorated like brothels. George White then hired prostitutes to pick up johns at bars, bring them back to the safe house, give them LSD without their knowledge, and then have sex with them. The CIA officers watched the sex through one-way mirrors. The project documents state that the purpose of the experiments was to test the effects of LSD on unwitting subjects under field conditions that mimicked an interrogation of a foreign operative.

In one of the memos contained in the MKULTRA files for these projects, however, another purpose of the safe house operation is revealed. The CIA was actually testing the performance of “Jekyll-Hyde” identities they had created in the prostitutes. They wanted to see if they could make female spies or female agents with alternate controllable personalities. Another purpose of these experiments was to test the CIA’s Manchurian Candidate prostitutes under conditions that mimicked a field operation. The johns were given LSD as part of the cover for testing the CIA’s female Manchurian Candidates prior to their use in actual operations (the mission being to have sex with and extract information from targets). The recruitment of street prostitutes provided an additional layer of cover for the testing of the Manchurian Candidates, plus it provided free live pornography for the CIA officers.

In other experiments, conducted by Dr. Jose Delgado at Yale and Drs. Vernon Mark, Frank Ervin and William Sweet at Harvard, brain electrodes were implanted in people and their mental state and behavior was controlled from a remote radio transmitter box. These experiments were conducted with funding from the Office of Naval Research. In experiments at Tulane funded by the CIA and the Army, implantation of brain electrodes was combined with injecting mescaline and other substances directly into the experimental subjects’ brains.

BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE and MKULTRA were the precursors of present-day enhanced interrogation programs used by the CIA at secret prisons outside the United States. Water-boarding, electric shock, hooding, prolonged sleep deprivation, death threats and other techniques discussed in the Senate and Congress and in the media, are, in my opinion, elements of a limited hangout, a CIA strategy in which a little bit of the truth is revealed in order to cover up the greater part of the truth. None of these experiments or operational programs would be possible without the participation of doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists. The doctors are directly involved in testing the interrogation techniques and monitoring their effects.

The purpose of mind control experiments is controlling human behavior: making enemy combatants open up during interrogation; protecting secret information by erasing memories; making spies more resistant to interrogation because secret information is held by hidden identities and making people more prone to influence, social control and suggestion. It has nothing to do with medical treatment, easing suffering or curing disease. The mind control experiments and operational programs violate basic human rights and all codes of medical ethics.

Dr. Colin Ross is a psychiatrist, internationally renowned researcher, author and lecturer. In addition to The CIA Doctors and Military Mind Control, he is also author of Project Bluebird, in which he exposes unethical experiments conducted by psychiatrists to create amnesia, new identities, hypnotic access codes, and new memories in the minds of experimental subjects. His research is based on 15,000 pages of documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act. Dr. Ross is a past president of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation. He is the founder and President of the Colin A. Ross Institute for Psychological Trauma.

Doc Who Urged Antipsychotics for 3-Year-Olds Funded by J&J, AZ and Shire

BNET
By Jim Edwards | Aug 28, 2009

A doctor who wrote in an academic journal that preschoolers may suffer from depression and could be good candidates for atypical antipsychotics received funding from three drug companies that make mental health medicines.

Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, wrote that children as young as three years old may suffer from bipolar disorder, and that there are “promising findings for the use of atypical antipsychotic agents and mood stabilizers, both singly and in combination” in the very young. Atypical antipsychotics are not FDA-approved for such use.

Her article, in a 2009 journal titled Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, does not disclose that in the past Luby’s work has been funded by Janssen (the unit of Johnson & Johnson that markets Risperdal), or that she has given talks sponsored by AstraZeneca (maker of Seroquel), and has been a consultant for Shire (maker of Adderall XR and Vyvanse).

Luby (pictured) disclosed her relationships with drug companies in a 2006 article in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, which was also about depression in preschoolers. Her disclosure said:

Disclosure: Dr. Luby has received grant/research support from Janssen, has given occasional talks sponsored by AstraZeneca, and has served as a consultant for Shire Pharmaceuticals.

Luby did not return an email or two phone calls requesting comment. It is not clear whether academic journal rules at the time required her disclosures. AZ said:

AstraZeneca records show that Dr. Luby participated in our speakers program from 2003-2004. It is AstraZeneca policy to compensate speakers according to the fair market value of their services.

After checking its records, Shire said it paid $2,000 to Luby in 2004, plus a $19 in travel expenses.* J&J did not respond to a message requesting comment.

Luby is not the only academic researcher whose disclosure of Big Pharma funding has been spotty. Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, is pushing for transparency legislation that would force all university researchers to disclose their ties to drug companies.

A selection of Luby’s published papers on childhood depression shows that while in 2006 she did disclose her payments from drug companies, in 2007 she did not. In an article titled “Psychotropic Prescriptions in a Sample Including Both Healthy and Mood and Disruptive Disordered Preschoolers,” in the Journal of Child and Adolesent Psychopharmacology, Luby’s disclosure statement said:

The authors do not have any corporate, commercial, or financial relationships that pose conflicts of interest.

Also in 2007, Luby signed as an author to a “Special Communication” in the same journal written by a group of child psychiatrists called The Preschool Psychopharmacology Working Group. The purpose of their group, Luby and her colleagues wrote, was:

… to promote responsible treatment of young children, recognizing that this will sometimes involve the use of medications.

The other authors of that paper disclosed a wealth of company ties, including Eli Lilly, Organon, Forest Labs, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth-Ayerst, McNeil, Novartis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbott, AstraZeneca, Sepracor, Cephalon, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Janssen. Regarding Luby, the paper said:

The other authors have no financial relationships to disclose.

In Luby’s 2009 editorial, she wrote:

The need for large-scale and focused studies of this issue is underscored by the high and increasing rates of prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics and other mood stabilizing agents for preschool children with presumptive clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

She cited a paper by Harvard’s Dr. Joseph Biederman, who was subpoenaed by federal prosecutors investigating J&J’s promotion of Risperdal, much of which was allegedly off-label to children. Separately, hundreds of lawsuits have been filed alleging that Seroquel has dangerous side effects such as weight gain and diabetes.

*Correction: Shire originally said it had no contact with Luby in the prior two years.

* Related:
* Biederman’s Finances: He Names His Own Price, and It’s $550 an Hour
* AstraZeneca Q2: $593M Seroquel Legal Bill Taps Out Insurance; Income Charges Expected

Pharma-funded CME gets the lash [CME- def. - Continuing Medical Education]

Fierce Pharma
By tracy
Created Jul 30 2009 - 10:37am

Continuing medical education (CME [1]) has been bastardized by pharma funding, an HHS inspector general told Congress, and needs a complete overhaul. Lewis Morris, chief counsel for the HHS office of inspector general, said that industry doesn't just shape the courses, it has also used CME to promote off-label uses. And Morris was just the first of several witnesses expected to criticize industry-funded CME during a Senate Committee on Aging hearing.

Pharma-backed CME has grown by leaps and bounds. Dow Jones reports that industry funding for medical education has more than tripled over the past 10 years to $1.2 billion. That's more than half the courses many doctors are required to take to stay current. "CME has become an insidious vehicle for the aggressive promotion of drugs and medical devices," said Dr. Steve Nissen (photo [2]), the Cleveland Clinic cardiologist who rarely minces his words.

But others--including PhRMA--protest that the industry can offer the best, most up-to-date info on new treatments, and that drugmakers are an important part of medical education. Dr. Thomas Stossel of Harvard Medical School--who has started an organization balking at the current backlash against pharma funding and doc payments--told the committee that companies make an important contribution to scientific understanding of disease. "I want the best information. I don't care who pays for it," Stossel said (as quoted by Dow Jones). "The nonprofit societies just can't get up to speed fast enough."

The hearing is just the latest salvo in an ongoing battle over how much pharma funding is too much, and whether all financial ties between industry and doctors, academia, and CME should be disclosed. Medical schools and hospitals have established conflicts-of-interest policies, some of which are so strict they don't even allow reps to hand out logo notepads. Drugmakers have promised to disclose payments to doctors [3], and some have bowed out of CME funding. This particular Senate committee is considering legislation that would require companies to disclose doc payments. The debate is far from over.